Computational
Mechanics
wccm-eccm-ecfd2014.org
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An independent publication about the finite element method and the computation of continuum mechanics.

The plate — the first cut, four times

A continuous body has infinitely many answers. Cut it into pieces.

Plane elasticity · two degrees of freedom per node · uniform refinement

the physics is written on one element

01 — one element4 nodes · 8 unknowns
02 — four9 nodes · 18 unknowns
03 — sixteen25 nodes · 50 unknowns
04 — sixty-four81 nodes · 162 unknowns

Section 01 · the opening piece

A continuous body has infinitely many answers

The finite element method came out of aircraft structures in the 1950s and its central move — elements, local physics, one assembled sparse system — has not changed.

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A finite element mesh displayed on a monitor with element edges visible, dim room
On the screen, at arm’s length

The mesh is not the geometry. Somebody decides where the elements go, and in most industrial work that decision takes longer than the solve.

A dense global matrix for a million-degree-of-freedom problem would be unreachable; the sparse equivalent is solved routinely.

From “A continuous body has infinitely many answers” · Section 01

Two that are worth the detour

The complete list →
Section 02

Nobody's favourite job, and where the answer is won

Meshing is where practitioners actually spend their time, and a badly shaped element poisons the solution around it.

Numbered nodes zero through nine connected by black lines forming a triangulated mesh, with one triangle highlighted red
Where the time goes

Element shape enters the error bound directly, which is why this is the part of the pipeline that resists being automated away.

Photo: Mesh FEM · Wikimedia Commons
Section 03

RANS, LES and DNS — three bargains

Turbulence is the open problem, and each approach trades cost against how much of it is modelled rather than resolved.

Computational fluid dynamics simulation showing airflow and vortex patterns around an aircraft wing
Three bargains

Three ways to spend a computing budget on the same flow, differing only in how much of the turbulence is modelled rather than resolved.

Photo: X-43A (Hyper - X) Mach 7 computational fluid dynamic (CFD) · Wikimedia Commons
An aisle of compute racks in a machine room

Section 03

Direct against iterative

Factorise or iterate; the choice is decided by size and conditioning rather than taste, and past a certain size it is the memory that runs out first.

Photo: Virginia Tech - data center · Wikimedia Commons

Solvers and labs whose meshes neighbour ours.

Set as type, like everything else here — the names below are links, and each one carries a line saying what it supports.